History and Development of Mobile

History and Development of Mobile

This technology began to be used year 1970 that begins with the use of microprocessors for communications technology. And in 1971, the first mobile phone network opened in Finland called AR.Following later NMT in Scandinavia in 1981 and AMPS in 1983. The use of analogue technology in the first generation causes a lot of limitations that have as little traffic capacity, the number of subscribers that can fit in one little cell, and the use of frequency spectrum wasteful.
On the other hand, the increasing number of customers can not accommodate the first generation. In addition, technology can only serve 1G voice communications, unlike 2G can be used for SMS. Or NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone is an analogue mobile phone network first used internationally in Northern Europe. This network operates at a frequency of 450 MHz that is often called NMT-450, there are also NMT-900 that operates at 900 MHz.
Given the market demand and the need for better quality, was born to two-generation technology, or 2G. This generation is using digital technology. Other 2G technologies is the IS-95 CDMA, IS-136 TDMA and PDC. The second generation is also used for voice communications, are also able to SMS and data transfer with a maximum speed of 9600 bps (bits per second). In comparison, the widely used modem for Internet connection speed 56,000 bps (5.6 kbps). Excess 2G than 1G besides a better service, in terms of capacity is also greater. Since the 2G, a single frequency can be used several mechanisms of customers using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
Standard 2G technologies of the most widely used today are GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), as the majority of mobile phones in use today. GSM operates on the frequencies 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz. GSM also supports data communication speed 14.4 kbps.

History

GSM history begins with the holding of the post and telegraph conferences in Europe in 1982. This conference formed a study group called Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a public communication system in Europe. In 1989, this task is left to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the GSM Phase I was launched in mid-1991.

In 1993, there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries. The uniqueness of the first generation of GSM compared to the SMS service. SMS or Short Message Service is a two-way service for sending short messages of 160 characters. GSM is currently used has entered phase 2.
After 2G, 2.5 G was born generation which is a better version of the second generation. Generation 2.5 has data transfer capabilities faster. Famous of this generation is the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and EDGE.
Recently, the trend began to shift mobile communications to the next generation which is predicted to be a mobile communication technologies that promise. 3rd generation or 3G is the latest technology in the mobile world. This generation is more known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) or WCDMA (Wideband - coded division multiple access). The advantages of this new generation is located in the data transfer speed reaches 384 kbps outdoors and 2 Mbps for indoor applications.
In addition, this generation can provide multimedia services such as internet, video streaming, video telephony, and others better. This third generation CDMA technology that originally came from the United States military technology and dedicated to the IS-95 standard. Several patents on networks they are now based on CDMA technology, Qualcomm Inc. owned., So that equipment makers to pay royalties.
CDMA technology to make the capacity of a cell becomes larger than the GSM system for the CDMA system, each communication call has a specific code that allows many customers to use the same radio resources without interference and cross talk interference. Radio source in this case is the frequency and time slots are provided for each cell.
System CDMA-based wireless communication was first used in 1995 and until now, CDMA is the main rival of the GSM system in many countries. In 1999, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) chose CDMA as a technology standard for third generation (3G). CDMA variant is widely used WCDMA and TD-SCDMA.
In May 2001 there were already 35 million CDMA subscribers worldwide. And in the year 2003, there were 100 million subscribers who use CDMA around the world. The principal advantage is owned by third generation is the ability to transfer data faster or have a high bit rate.
The high bit rate has caused many CDMA operators can provide a variety of multimedia applications better and more varied, and the main attraction for customers. Just imagine, only with a phone, we have a camera facility, video, computers, stereos and radios. In addition, various entertainment facilities can be enjoyed as a video clip, traffic conditions in real time, teleconference, even just booked the restaurant, simply by pressing the button on the phone.
When we sit at home too, we still can do many things without having to get out of the room, such as checking bank balances, pay college tuition for the children, ordering food and others. That's all it's not impossible for the third generation.
In the long run, CDMA and other technologies such as GSM will be compared based on the total cost per customer from the network infrastructure and mobile phone prices. With 3G, cheap and qualified communication rather than mere dreams.